Mars rover finds first evidence of water - a river of it

NASA's Mars rover, Curiosity, dispatched to learn if the most Earth-like planet in the solar system was suitable for microbial life, has found clear evidence its landing site was once awash in water, a key ingredient for life, scientists said Thursday. Curiosity, a roving chemistry laboratory the size of a small car, touched down on August 6 inside a giant impact basin near the planet's equator. The primary target for the two-year mission is a three-mile (five-km) -high mound of layered rock rising from the floor of Gale Crater. Scientists suspect the mound, known as Mount Sharp, is the remains of sediment that once completely filled the crater. Analysis of a slab of rock located between the crater's north rim and the base of Mount Sharp indicate a fast-moving stream of water once flowed there.Images taken by Curiosity and released on Thursday show rounded stones cemented into the rock, which rises like a piece of jack-hammered sidewalk from the planet's surface. The stones inside the rock are too big to have been moved by wind, Curiosity scientist Rebecca Williams, with the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona, told reporters on a conference call. The rock is believed to be from the floor of an ancient stream which was once between ankle- and knee-deep. The analysis is based on telephoto images taken by the rover, which is en route to a patch of land named Glenelg where three different types of rock intersect.(Reuters)

Mars Manga review

Warning: Recommended readers 18 years and above -- Profanity, rape, murder, blood and list goes on... 

English: Mars

Type: Manga

Volumes: 15

Chapters: 90

Status: Finished

Published: May 13, 1996 to Dec 13, 2000

Genres: Drama, Romance, Shoujo, Slice of Life, Psychological

Authors: Souryo, Fuyumi (Story & Art)

Serialization: Bessatsu Friend

I'm sad to see that this manga is not well known around fans of the genre.

I found out about this manga in this site while I was browsing around.I read one of the reviews here and thought to myself,why not try it?It has gotten a really high rating and must be good.Alright,sometimes high rating can be in fact misleading so I wasn't so excited at first and wasn't expecting a lot from this one.. However I was wrong.

This manga is psychological, I warn you if you cant handle it, dont read it but let me tell you this--

this is one of the best shoujo mangas that I have ever read. Honestly, there were points in time where I had no idea why it was even being called a shoujo manga anymore. It managed to capture so many different genres, I am sure that there are a lot of people out there that will like it. 

Kira, a shy high school student, lives only for her art. Rei, An arrogant, rebellious and violent playboy, wears his delinquency like a badge of honor. They are exact opposites in every way, but when Kira sees Rei kissing a statue of Mars, she overcomes her fears and asks him to model for her. And, to everyone's surprise, Rei agrees. 

This story of a boy on the wrong side of the tracks, and a shy artist girl both falling for each other, captivated me. Its not some innovative blast of originality, there's no genre deconstruction, no super twist that tips the world upside down. It’s just a love story told really well.

Despite the cute character of Kira, and the fact that she cries every five minutes which admittedly grates, it doesn’t feel saccharine at all. The character conflicts, the world the story is set in, the way everything pans out, it feels authentic, and when it doesn’t it’s at least in service of the story. Because its 15 volumes, stuff just has to keep happening to our main characters, it wouldn’t be much of a story if only a handful of things happened, but Fuyumi has the skill to make it engaging and flow from one story arc to another seamlessly.

You're willing Kira and Rei to pull through it all, like lovers on the run from the world. The biggest criticism of the manga would be that the last major threat; the last antagonist; that last hurdle that every story must have, in this case began to feel too generic for my liking, but it never becomes boring at least and resolves itself swiftly

The characters are really deep.In my opinion it's the characters that attract you so much as to continue reading the rest of it.For me at least no matter how good the story of a manga can be,if the characters are just uninteresting,it'll discourage me from reading the rest.While it's not really hard to find good character development and good interaction between characters in shoujo manga(I think that's where shoujo wins shounen) this one presents another persepcrive of the characters.Here we're also shown the very dark side of both protagonists.And when I say dark I mean with the whole meaning of the world.That of course is one of the things that makes the characters even more realistic.

At first you'll doubt the art but as you continue reading the manga the art improves. It’s clean, soft, and beautiful to look at. Fuyumi makes it look so easy. The beauty is in the simplicity. There's no unnecessary detail, just what is essential. Essential for characters, essential for the story. The scene composition is masterful, and so is the design of the panels. It just flows so well. The best way I can describe it is that it all makes sense. 

Mars, the red planet, the warrior of war, the fiery passion in us that love ignites; drives us out of our minds; pushes us forward whether we like it or not, and makes us sacrifice anything and everything to sustain it. You see it all in this manga, and that’s why I gave it 10.

Martian “Rust” Could Possibly Point To Past Water

Sojourner rover taking its Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer measurement. Credit: NASA

It’s called a carbonate and it’s a mineral that’s common to water-logged formations… be it here on Earth, or on Mars. Until now only a few carbonate deposits have been found on Mars, but scientists are beginning to suspect it has been hiding all along under a thin layer of iron oxide. Because rust never sleeps…

“The plausibility of life on Mars depends on whether liquid water dotted its landscape for thousands or millions of years,” said Janice Bishop, a planetary scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center at the SETI Institute at Moffett Field, California. “It’s possible that an important clue, the presence of carbonates, has largely escaped the notice of investigators trying to learn if liquid water once pooled on the Red Planet.”

How did they come to this conclusion? By studying similar conditions on rocks found in the Mojave Desert. Because the arid conditions are similar to the Martian environment, investigators can assume carbonates are hiding behind a veneer of rust – keeping them from view. This new evidence came to light earlier this year when Bishop and Chris McKay – a planetary scientist at Ames – collected samples from an area called Little Red Hill.

“When we examined the carbonate rocks in the lab, it became evident that an iron oxide skin may be hindering the search for clues to the Red Planet’s hydrological history,” McKay said. “We found that the varnish both altered and partially masked the spectral signature of the carbonates.”

But rust wasn’t all they found… there was also a signature of dehydration-resistant blue-green algae. This biologic implication means the iron oxide coating may have also extended the time period that Mars could have supported such a life form. “The organisms in the Mojave Desert are protected from deadly ultraviolet light by the iron oxide coating,” McKay said. “This survival mechanism might have played a role if Mars once had life on the surface.”

Why are these carbonate findings important? Every mineral has a unique absorption bands, spectral frequencies and vibrational modes. Using this information, planetary scientists can identify composition. Because of the layer of rust, many carbonate deposits may have been overlooked because their spectral signatures were masked.

“To better determine the extent of carbonate deposits on Mars, and by inference the ancient abundance of liquid water, we need to investigate the spectral properties of carbonates mixed with other minerals,” Bishop said.

Like all rust, the deposits were so overwhelming that NASA’s Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, used a motorized grinding tool to “clean” samples before spectral examination. With NASA’s newest and most capable rover, the Mars Science Laboratory “Curiosity” mission nearing its launch date, we may be able to take another, closer look at possible life on Mars.

Because there’s more to the picture than meets the eye…